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  • Publications & Scientific Foundation

    Scientific Foundation of Adaptix Neuro

  • Scientific Foundation of Adaptix Neuro

  • Adaptix Neuro is built on more than 15 years of interdisciplinary research integrating exercise physiology, adaptive control systems, entropy-based signal analysis, and translational engineering.
    This body of work de-risks our commercialization strategy by demonstrating:
    • Clinically validated motor improvement
    • Predictive entropy-based biomarkers
    • Adaptive control implementation
    • Engineering translation into functional devices
    • Intellectual property protection
    Below is a curated selection of the most relevant publications supporting the Adaptix Neuro platform.

  • Featured Research (Core to Adaptix Neuro)

  • Variability in Cadence During Forced Cycling Predicts Motor Improvement in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease

    Ridgel AL, Abdar HM, Alberts JL, Discenzo FM, Loparo KA.
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2012.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23144045/

  • Design and Development of a Smart Exercise Bike for Motor Rehabilitation in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

    Abdar HM, Ridgel AL, Discenzo FM, Loparo KA.
    IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2016.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27298575/

  • Test and Validation of a Smart Exercise Bike for Motor Rehabilitation in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease

    Abdar HM, Ridgel AL, Discenzo FM, Phillips RS, Walter BL, Loparo KA.
    IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 2016.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27046905/

  • Modeling and Simulation of Power Sharing and Interaction Between Riders on a Tandem Bicycle

    Abdar HM, Ridgel AL, Discenzo FM, Loparo KA.
    IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2014.

    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7040459/

  • Utilizing Entropy of Cadence to Optimize Cycling Rehabilitation in Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease

    Kim Y, Smith BE, Shigo LM, Shaikh AG, Loparo KA, Ridgel AL.
    Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 2024.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39104198/

  • Clinical Research

  • High-Cadence Cycling Promotes Sustained Improvement in Bradykinesia, Rigidity, and Mobility in Individuals with Mild-Moderate Parkinson’s Disease

    Ridgel AL, Ault DL.
    Parkinson’s Disease, 2019.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30944720/

  • Dynamic High-Cadence Cycling Improves Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease

    Ridgel AL, Phillips RS, Walter BL, Discenzo FM, Loparo KA.
    Frontiers in Neurology, 2015.

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4557094/

  • Active-Assisted Cycling Improves Tremor and Bradykinesia in Parkinson’s Disease

    Ridgel AL, Peacock CA, Fickes EJ, Kim CH
    Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2012.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22659536/

  • Acute Effects of Passive Leg Cycling on Upper Extremity Tremor and Bradykinesia in Parkinson’s Disease

    Ridgel AL, Muller MD, Kim CH, Fickes EJ, Mera TO
    The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2012.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22030944/

  • Patient-Specific Adaptive Dynamic Cycling is Associated with Improved PD Symptoms

    Shaikh AG, Boman L, Smith B, Kim Y, Ridgel AL.
    Movement Disorders, 2023.

    https://jcep.kglmeridian.com/view/journals/ceph/13/s1/article-p13-s.xml

  • Assessing Changes in Motor Function and Mobility After 12 Sessions of Patient-Specific Adaptive Dynamic Cycling

    Kim Y, Smith BE, Shigo LM, Shaikh AG, Loparo KA, Ridgel AL.
    Sensors, 2024.

    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39599140/

  • Optimization of Dynamic Cycling Utilizing Entropy of Cadence and Effort

    Kim Y, Smith B, Ridgel A.
    Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2023.

    https://www.ovid.com/jnls/acsm-msse/abstract/10.1249/01.mss.0000989176.69598.68~optimization-of-dynamic-cycling-utilizing-entropy-of-cadence?redirectionsource=fulltextview

  • Intellectual Property

  • Bike System for Use in Rehabilitation of a Patient

    Ridgel AL, Abdar HM, Discenzo FM, Loparo KA.
    U.S. Patent No. 9,802,081 (2017)
    U.S. Patent No. 10,058,736 (2018)

    These patents form the foundational intellectual property supporting Adaptix Neuro’s adaptive cycling and motor control innovations.

  • Research Impact & Commercial Significance

  • This publication portfolio demonstrates:
    • Clinical validation across multiple independent studies
    • Predictive biomarkers (entropy-based metrics) linked to motor improvement
    • Engineering translation into functional, validated devices
    • Patent-backed differentiation
    Adaptix Neuro represents the commercialization of a mature, peer-reviewed scientific foundation rather than early-stage conceptual research — significantly reducing technical and clinical risk.
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